Carlsbad Caverns National Park is located in the Guadalupe Mountains of southeastern New Mexico, in the United States. The park is home to one of the most extensive and diverse cave systems in the world, featuring over 100 limestone caves, including the famous Carlsbad Cavern. The park is located near the town of Carlsbad, New Mexico, and is approximately 280 miles (450 km) southeast of Albuquerque, New Mexico.The Carlsbad Caverns were formed by the dissolution of limestone by water and the subsequent collapse of the resulting underground spaces. The process of formation took place over a period of millions of years, and the caves are still actively forming today. The caves feature unique and diverse geological formations, such as stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstone.The park offers visitors a variety of ways to explore the caves, including self-guided tours, ranger-led tours, and the famous 'Big Room' tour, which is a half-mile walk through the largest chamber in the park. The park also offers an elevator that takes visitors 750 feet underground to the 'Big Room' tour.In addition to the caves, the park offers visitors the opportunity to hike, camp, and explore the park's diverse plant and animal life. The park's surface features include desert landscapes, rugged canyons, and beautiful vistas. The park is also home to a variety of wildlife, such as bats, black bears, and mule deer.Carlsbad Caverns National Park is a designated World Heritage Site and is also a part of the National Park Service. It is open year-round, but some cave tours are closed during the winter months. It is a popular destination for tourists and nature enthusiasts alike, offering the unique experience of exploring one of the most extensive and diverse cave systems in the world.